what is public health?

In 2020, it sometimes seemed that everyone had an opinion about public health as COVID-19 disrupted our daily lives. But public health is more than COVID-19 case counts and press conferences with health officials. How much do you really know about the many ways public health influences our well-being and helps us live healthier lives? Take this short quiz to find out! The answers may surprise you.   #ReimaginePublicHealth
General Health

Although people think hospitals and doctors are responsible for our good health, our health is actually most determined by our daily lives and the choices available in the places where we live.

Which of the following are public health?

Sidewalks
The packaging on your box of cereal
How you fuel the stove in your kitchen
All of the above

Public health encompasses so many elements of our daily life and is much more than medical care. From the safety of the streets where we live, to the cartoon characters and nutrition labels on food packages, to our access to clean cooking fuel and clean air in our homes, public health engages in so many parts of our environment and culture that affect our health and well-being.

Public health encompasses all of these elements of our daily life (and more!) and is so much more than medical care. From the safety of the streets where we live, to the cartoon characters and nutrition labels on our food packaging, to our access to clean cooking fuel and clean air in our homes, public health engages in so many parts of our environment and culture that affect our health and well-being.

Health Equity

Which of the following factors contributes to how long a person is expected to live and how healthy they will be?

Their race
Where they live
Their level of education
All of the above

These are some of what public health calls the social determinants of health. While individuals can transcend circumstances, people’s life expectancy and likelihood of getting many diseases is influenced by their race, where they live, their education, their gender and how much money they make. Public health strives to reduce these disparities.

All of these are what public health calls the social determinants of health. While individuals can transcend circumstances, people’s life expectancy and likelihood of getting many diseases is influenced by their race, where they live, their education, their gender and how much money they make. Public health strives to reduce these disparities.

Infectious Disease

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2019, what was the most deadly infectious disease we faced globally?

HIV/AIDS
Tuberculosis
Measles
Malaria

1.4 million people died from tuberculosis in 2019. Tuberculosis (TB) is both preventable and treatable—yet it remains a leading infectious disease killer worldwide. A key solution is supporting research to improve TB diagnosis and treatment. Learn more about TB here.

In 2019, despite it being preventable and treatable, 1.4 million people died from tuberculosis. A key solution is supporting research to improve TB diagnosis and treatment. Learn more about TB here.

Food Policy 

Over the past 40 years, obesity rates around the world have dramatically increased with the production and availability of cheap, ultra-processed foods. These foods—high in salt, sugar and fat, and nutrient deficient—are heavily marketed to consumers and can be found in every grocery store. 

How much time does the average shopper take to choose a food product?

1 minute
45 seconds
30 seconds
10 seconds

Most shoppers spend fewer then 10 seconds selecting each food and beverage item. Coupled with the food and beverage industry’s marketing tactics–with attractive, colorful and often misleading packaging on many unhealthy products–shoppers can have a difficult time discerning which food and drink choices are unhealthy. Clear and informative front-of-package nutrient labels that warn shoppers of unhealthy products can help them make heathier choices. Learn more about food policy here

While grocery trips might seem long to many of us, most shoppers spend fewer then 10 seconds selecting each food and beverage item. Coupled with the food and beverage industry’s marketing tactics–with attractive, colorful and often misleading packaging on many unhealthy products–shoppers can have a difficult time discerning which food and drink choices are unhealthy. A solution? Clear and informative front-of-package nutrient labels that warn shoppers of unhealthy products to help them make healthier choices. Learn more about food policy here

Urban Health

What percentage of the world’s population will live in a city by 2050?

50
68
85
39

68% of the population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050. Cities and their leaders play a critical role in developing, implementing and enforcing policies to create healthy environments for healthier populations. Learn more about urban health and the Partnership for Healthy Cities here

Cities will be home to 68% of the population by 2050. Cities and their leaders play a critical role in developing, implementing and enforcing policies to create healthy environments for healthier populations. Learn more about urban health and the Partnership for Healthy Cities here

Environmental Health 

Air pollution is often called a silent killer, quietly causing stroke, heart disease and lung disease. 

What percentage of people in the world breathe polluted air?

70
80
90
100

90% of people in the world breathe polluted air. The burden of exposure falls hardest on women and children living in homes without access to clean household energy, and people living in places where urbanization has brought increased emissions from heavy industry and vehicles, outpacing air pollution control measures. Learn more about air pollution and health here

You may be surprised to know that 90% of people in the world breathe polluted air. The burden of exposure falls hardest on women and children living in homes without access to clean household energy, and people living in places where urbanization has brought increased emissions from heavy industry and vehicles, outpacing air pollution control measures. Learn more about air pollution and health here

Overdose Prevention 

The current overdose crisis is one wave in the longstanding public health challenge of drug use in the United States, which has been driven for decades by racism and criminalization. 

On average, how many people in the United States die from overdose every day?

31
67
122
254

Every day 254 people in the U.S. die from overdose. More people are now dying from overdose than from traffic fatalities and gun violence combined. The overdose crisis in the United States is a public health emergency and has been driven by criminalization and discriminatory drug policies that have particularly targeted Black and brown communities. Every overdose death is preventable. A harm reduction approach that centers health, dignity and equity can reduce overdose deaths and incarceration. Learn more about overdose prevention here

Every day 254 people in the U.S. die from overdose. More people are now dying from overdose than from traffic fatalities and gun violence combined. The overdose crisis in the United States is a public health emergency and has been driven by criminalization and discriminatory drug policies that have particularly targeted Black and brown communities. Every overdose death is preventable. A harm reduction approach that centers health, dignity and equity can reduce overdose deaths and incarceration. Learn more about overdose prevention here

Road Safety

Road safety is a public health issue, as 50 million people are injured every year in traffic crashes worldwide. Speed increases both the likelihood of a crash and the severity of resulting injuries. 

What speed limit does the World Health Organization recommend for urban areas where pedestrians, drivers and cyclists travel closely together? 

30 kilometers per hour (18.6 miles per hour)
40 kilometers per hour (24.9 miles per hour)
50 kilometers per hour (31.1 miles per hour)
Use your own judgment in the moment

30 kilometers per hour (18.6 miles per hour) is the recommended speed limit for city streets where pedestrians, drivers and cyclists travel closely together. The risk of death is almost five times higher in a collision between a car and a pedestrian at 50 kilometers per hour compared to the same type of collision at 30 kilometers per hour. Learn more about road safety here.

30 kilometers per hour (18.6 miles per hour) is the recommended speed limit on city streets where pedestrians, drivers and cyclists travel closely together. The risk of death is almost five times higher in a collision between a car and a pedestrian at 50 kilometers per hour compared to the same type of collision at 30 kilometers per hour. Learn more about road safety here.

Tobacco Control

Tobacco is a product that literally kills its consumers. How many smokers die from tobacco-related causes?

1 in 2
1 in 5

At least one in two long-term smokers will die from smoking-related illness. In order to replace its dying customers and hook young people, the tobacco industry spends more than $8 billion on marketing in the United States alone every year, or the equivalent of about $22 million each day. Learn more about tobacco control here

At least one in two long-term smokers will die from smoking-related illness. In order to replace its dying customers and hook young people, the tobacco industry spends more than $8 billion on marketing in the United States alone every year, or the equivalent of about $22 million each day. Learn more about tobacco control here

Civil Registration and Vital Statistics

What percentage of women in low- and middle-income countries (150+ countries) cannot prove their legal identity?

65
45
35
25

According to the World Bank’s Identification for Development initiative, nearly half of adult women in low- and middle-income countries have no means to prove their legal identity. The lack of identity documents, such as a birth certificate, hampers women’s access to rights, protections and services, such as universal health care, to which they would otherwise be entitled. Learn more about civil registration and vital statistics systems here.

According to the World Bank’s Identification for Development initiative, nearly half of adult women in low- and middle-income countries have no means to prove their legal identity. The lack of identity documents, such as a birth certificate, hampers women’s access to rights, protections and services, such as universal health care, to which they would otherwise be entitled. Learn more about civil registration and vital statistics systems here

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